The rufiyaa is pegged to the US dollar. The mid-point of the exchange rate is Rf12.85:US$1, and the rate is permitted to fluctuate within a band of ±20%. In recent years the currency has consistently grazed the weak edge of the exchange-rate band.

Although we maintain an optimistic tourism outlook for the Maldives, the expiration of the debt relief offered by G20 countries in 2020-21 and the country's significant external debt burden will weigh on its external buffers, while anticipated monetary tightening by the Federal Reserve (US central bank) will increase refinancing costs. The Ministry of Finance has allocated around US$400m for debt obligations in its 2022 budget projections, which will be funded through credit assistance from bilateral and multilateral sources.

Although there is a significant risk that the government will be forced to weaken the currency if foreign-exchange reserves remain under pressure over a prolonged period, our core forecast is that the peg will be maintained as tourism receipts recover in 2022-23. However, the currency will continue to test the weaker edge of the band, especially as the outlook for the US dollar improves. The authorities will fully utilise the US$150m swap line with the Reserve Bank of India (India's central bank) to reduce pressure on the peg.