2006a | 2007a | 2008a | 2009a | 2010a | 2011b | 2012b | |
GDP | |||||||
Nominal GDP (US$ bn) | 117.5 | 144.1 | 167.2 | 161.1 | 188.7 | 229.0 | 251.3 |
Nominal GDP (P bn) | 6,031 | 6,649 | 7,409 | 7,679 | 8,513 | 9,989 | 11,075 |
Real GDP growth (%) | 5.3 | 7.1 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 7.3 | 5.2 | 5.7 |
Expenditure on GDP (% real change) | |||||||
Private consumption | 5.5 | 5.8 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 4.6 | 4.9 |
Government consumption | 10.4 | 6.6 | 0.4 | 10.9 | 2.7 | 5.0 | 5.3 |
Gross fixed investment | 3.9 | 10.9 | 2.7 | -0.4 | 17.1 | 4.4 | 4.7 |
Exports of goods & services | 13.4 | 5.5 | -2.0 | -13.4 | 25.6 | 5.7 | 6.4 |
Imports of goods & services | 1.9 | -4.2 | 0.8 | -1.9 | 20.7 | 6.0 | 6.2 |
Origin of GDP (% real change) | |||||||
Agriculture | 3.8 | 4.9 | 3.1 | 0.0 | -0.5 | 3.3 | 1.3 |
Industry | 4.5 | 6.8 | 4.9 | -0.9 | 12.1 | 4.6 | 6.1 |
Services | 6.5 | 8.1 | 3.1 | 2.8 | 7.1 | 6.3 | 6.9 |
Population and income | |||||||
Population (m) | 92.3c | 94.2c | 96.1c | 98.0c | 99.9c | 101.8 | 103.8 |
GDP per head (US$ at PPP) | 2,950c | 3,187c | 3,310c | 3,310c | 3,517c | 3,691 | 3,937 |
Fiscal indicators (% of GDP) | |||||||
Central government revenue | 16.2 | 17.1 | 16.2 | 14.6 | 14.2 | 13.5 | 13.9 |
Central government expenditure | 17.3 | 17.3 | 17.2 | 18.5 | 17.9 | 15.7 | 16.5 |
Central government balance | -1.0 | -0.2 | -0.9 | -3.9 | -3.7 | -2.2 | -2.6 |
Public debt | 63.9 | 55.8 | 57.0 | 57.3 | 55.4 | 51.4 | 50.8 |
Prices and financial indicators | |||||||
Exchange rate P:US$ (av) | 51.31 | 46.15 | 44.32 | 47.68 | 45.11 | 43.63 | 44.07 |
Exchange rate ¥:P (av) | 2.26 | 2.55 | 2.33 | 1.97 | 1.95 | 1.89 | 1.84 |
Consumer prices (av; %) | 6.2 | 2.8 | 9.3 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 5.3 | 4.6 |
Producer prices (av; %) | 11.2 | -0.7 | 4.1 | -1.4 | -5.0 | 2.9 | 2.6 |
Stock of money M1 (% change) | 24.7 | 15.4 | 21.0 | 13.8 | 10.8 | 15.0 | 14.3 |
Stock of money M2 (% change) | 21.4 | 10.0 | 14.9 | 7.5 | 10.8 | 16.6 | 13.6 |
Money market interest rate (av; %) | 5.3 | 3.4 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 3.5c | 4.5 | 4.8 |
Current account (US$ m) | |||||||
Trade balance | -6,732 | -8,391 | -12,885 | -8,878 | -10,384c | -15,722 | -16,581 |
Goods: exports fob | 46,526 | 49,512 | 48,253 | 37,510 | 50,684c | 54,306 | 60,997 |
Goods: imports fob | -53,258 | -57,903 | -61,138 | -46,388 | -61,068c | -70,027 | -77,578 |
Services balance | 137 | 2,249 | 1,160 | 1,539 | 1,952c | 2,076 | 2,847 |
Income balance | -1,255 | -892 | 111 | -69 | 1,303c | 2,500 | 2,848 |
Current transfers balance | 13,197 | 14,153 | 15,247 | 15,960 | 16,437c | 17,196 | 18,121 |
Current-account balance | 5,347 | 7,119 | 3,633 | 8,552 | 9,308c | 6,051 | 7,235 |
External debt (US$ m) | |||||||
Debt stock | 60,282 | 65,910 | 64,856 | 63,097c | 63,749c | 64,570 | 63,646 |
Debt service paid | 13,699 | 10,136 | 12,194 | 10,576c | 9,973c | 9,252 | 8,798 |
Principal repayments | 9,800 | 6,340 | 8,216 | 8,097c | 7,716c | 6,951 | 6,561 |
Interest | 3,899 | 3,796 | 3,978 | 2,479c | 2,256c | 2,301 | 2,238 |
International reserves (US$ m) | |||||||
Total international reserves | 22,966 | 33,752 | 37,551 | 44,243 | 62,373 | 70,772 | 73,515 |
a Actual. b Economist Intelligence Unit forecasts. c Economist Intelligence Unit estimates. | |||||||
Source: IMF, International Financial Statistics. |
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