The next presidential election is scheduled for the fourth quarter of 2011. Mr Jammeh is almost certain to win re-election. This will be underpinned by the ruling party's powers of patronage; its success in co-opting popular opposition personalities into government with lucrative job offers; its harassment of the more outspoken and critical opposition leaders (who are sometimes charged with sedition and incitement); and its intimidation of the opposition's supporters. The two main opposition parties-the United Democratic Party (UDP) and the National Reconciliation Party-are likely to re-establish their electoral alliance, with the UDP's leader, Ousainou Darboe, standing as its presidential candidate. Nevertheless, in the face of the tactics used by the ruling party, their chances of success will be minimal. The presidential election will be followed by parliamentary elections in early 2012 and local government elections in early 2013. These are also likely to deliver clear majorities for the APRC, for similar reasons. In line with recent elections in the country, the voting process is likely to be credible (vote-rigging is not expected), but the pre-election environment will be marred by severe flaws. For example, Mr Jammeh has already reportedly threatened to cut government funding to areas that vote in favour of the opposition if the APRC is re-elected.